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French to English: Will we soon use sodium-ion batteries to store renewable energies? General field: Science Detailed field: Energy / Power Generation
Source text - French Le sodium-ion a rapidement pu se comparer au lithium, notamment avec une durée de vie de 2 000 cycles de charges/décharges. Malgré une densité énergétique de 90 Wh/kg, inférieure à celle du lithium-ion, la technologie est prometteuse. À ses débuts, la première batterie lithium n’affichait que 110 Wh/kg, alors qu’aujourd’hui, elle dépasse 200 Wh/kg. Obéissant à la même chimie, on s’attend à une montée en performance et à des progrès analogues avec les batteries sodium-ion. Mais la rentabilité s’évalue également en euros par kWh. Or, le sodium est non seulement plus abondant que le lithium, mais aussi meilleur marché avec un coût au moins inférieur de 10 à 15 % par rapport à celui du lithium-ion. La technologie pourrait aussi se prévaloir d’une étiquette « développement durable », ce qui n’est pas le cas du lithium aux ressources limitées et aux promesses de recyclage encore compliquées et coûteuses.
L’application la plus pertinente pourrait porter sur une utilisation stationnaire, comme le stockage de l’énergie renouvelable produite par les fermes éoliennes et photovoltaïques. Cette voie est d’autant plus légitime que ces applications réseau requièrent à la fois des puissances importantes et des coûts réduits. Pour l’instant, ces parcs disposent de batteries sodium-soufre qui ne fonctionnent qu’à haute température, environ 300° C, ce qui pénalise leur rendement énergétique.
La batterie sodium-ion permettrait un rendement de 97 %, avec un coût moindre car la technologie est nettement plus simple que celle du sodium-soufre. Autre voie encore plus économique à plus long terme : la batterie sodium-ion en milieu aqueux pourrait offrir un nombre de cycles important à un coût particulièrement faible. Mais pour l’instant, seul le sodium-ion en milieu non aqueux dispose de la maturité technologique suffisante permettant de miser sur un développement de la batterie d’ici 5 à 10 ans. Tout en jouant un rôle clé pour contribuer au stockage de masse des énergies renouvelables, elle devra s’accompagner de solutions alternatives. Notons aussi que, suivant les choix qui seront faits sur le stockage centralisé ou décentralisé, les technologies pourront apporter des solutions différentes.
Translation - English Sodium-ion technology rapidly became comparable to lithium, notably with a charge/discharge cycle life of 2,000. Despite a 90 Wh/kg energy density, less than that of lithium-ion batteries, the technology is promising. At the beginning, the first lithium battery only performed at 110 Wh/kg, while they surpass 200 Wh/kg today. Following the same chemistry, we expect sodium-ion technology to increase in performance and show progression analogous to that of lithium-ion technology. Profitability, however, is counted in euros per kWh. Sodium is not only more abundant than lithium, but cheaper as well, with an average cost 10-15% lower than lithium. The technology could also benefit from a “sustainable development” label, which isn't the case with lithium, being a limited resource that is complicated and expensive to recycle.
The most pertinent application could be stationary use, such as storage of renewable energies produced by wind and solar farms. This path is legitimized by the fact that such grid applications simultaneously require significant power and low costs. For now, these farms use sodium-sulfur batteries which only work at high temperatures, around 300° C, which reduces their energy efficiency.
The sodium-ion battery would allow 97% efficiency at a lower cost since the technology is substantially simpler than sodium-sulfur. Another path, even cheaper in the long term, involves using sodium-ion batteries in an aqueous medium, which could offer a significant number of cycles at a particularly low cost. For now, only sodium-ion technology used in non-aqueous media has the technological maturity for battery development to be confidently expected within the next 5-10 years. At the same time as it plays this key role in mass storage of renewable energies, sodium-ion technology will also accompany other alternative solutions. It should also be noted that depending on choices made about centralization or decentralization of storage, the technologies will be able to present different solutions.
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Master's degree - Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey
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Years of experience: 10. Registered at ProZ.com: Nov 2020.
French to English (Monterey Institute of International Studies, verified) French to English (American Translators Association, verified) German to English (Monterey Institute of International Studies)
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