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          • Term
            • caldera
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          • Definition(s)
            • A vast depression at the top of a volcanic cone, formed when an eruption substantially empties the reservoir of magma beneath the cone's summit. Eventually the summit collapses inward, creating a caldera. A caldera may be more than 15 kilometers in diameter and more than 1000 meters deep. CENGAGE Learning
          • Example sentence(s)
            • Subsequent eruptions from the Long Valley magma chamber were confined within the caldera with extrusions of relatively hot (crystal-free) rhyolite 700,000 to 600,000 years ago as the caldera floor was upwarped to form the resurgent dome followed by extrusions of cooler, crystal-rich moat rhyolite at 200,000-year intervals (500,000, 300,000, and 100,000 years ago) in clockwise succession around the resurgent dome. - USGS
            • Calderas tend to form after a series of large eruptions. Usually a new volcano starts to grow inside, eventually covering it. - About.com: Geology
            • Over the course of several hundred years following the creation of the caldera, rain and snow filled the basin to a depth of 1,943 feet (592 meters). Crater Lake today is the nation’s deepest lake. - Crater lake
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    • Chinese
      • Geology
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          • Term
            • 破火山口
          • Additional fields of expertise
          • Definition(s)
            • 火山口是大自然建造火山的产物，破火山口则是火山受到破坏的结果。 在大自然建造火山的过程中，各种自然力对火山的破坏作用已在发生，只是由于得到不断喷出的物质补充，所以能保持或增加它的高度，形成火山特有的形态，圆锥形是最典型的。 不过仅仅是风雨等外部力量的侵蚀，一座火山要破坏到在地面上消失的程度，需要很长的时间，但如火山爆发猛烈，可以在短暂的时间内，将原有火山锥部分甚至整个炸成齑粉，抛上天空；火山的高度因而被削减，乃至成为凹进地面下的大坑。如果喷出的结果使地下原来储存岩浆的场所被掏空，顶壁的岩层支撑不住因而塌落，凹陷的范围更为巨大，直径常有几千米，直至几十千米，上下宽窄相差没有火山口那么显著，底部也比火山口的底部宽大平缓，在西方语言中称它为 “caldera”，源出于西班牙语“caldron”，本意是锅，西方人用的平底锅，其形相似，中文译作“破火山口”，用为地质学的专用名词。 百度知道 - by Li Cao
          • Example sentence(s)
            • 陆地上的破火山口，从表面形象看起来不过是块为山丘峭壁环绕的洼地，因为面积大，在里面行走，难时庐山真面目。出现在海上的破火山口，常表现为一群环状分布的岛屿。 - 百度知道 by Li Cao
            • 火山口中有一类较特殊的，叫破火山口。它是因火山喷发过于猛烈，巨大量的岩浆一下子将火山颈和周围的岩石冲开，这种喷发所造成的火山口，直径往往超过5公里，猛烈的爆发除了形成破火山口外，还使火山的高度大大降低。 - 百度知道 by Li Cao
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