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Native English speaker, Diploma in Translation (DipTRANSIoLET) CIOL UK full member (MCIL UK national accreditation n° 100/2913/8) , Master's Degree in Applied Linguistics, 18 years experience, professional and accurate. SDL TRADOS
Account type
Freelance translator and/or interpreter, Verified member
Data security
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Open to considering volunteer work for registered non-profit organizations
Rates
Italian to English - Rates: 0.05 - 0.10 EUR per word / 23 - 50 EUR per hour English - Rates: 0.05 - 0.10 EUR per word / 23 - 50 EUR per hour English to Italian - Rates: 0.05 - 0.10 EUR per word / 23 - 50 EUR per hour
96 projects entered 69 positive feedback from outsourcers
Project Details
Project Summary
Corroboration
Editing/proofreading Volume: 0 days Completed: Oct 2016 Languages:
Research Proposal
Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc.
No comment.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Jan 2013 Languages: Italian to German
Fruit Logistica 2013 Berlin Germany
Project Managment
Fruit Logistica 2013 Berlin, Germany
Translations Italian > German
Agriculture
No comment.
Training session Volume: 0 days Completed: Jun 2012 Languages: English
Cambridge Language Training
Cambridge First Certificate Language Training
General English
ALTE 3/CEF ind' user/ Council of Europe B2
Education / Pedagogy
No comment.
Translation Volume: 20000 words Languages: Italian to English
Doctoral Thesis - Music
Doctoral Thesis
LA POLITICA CULTURALE FASCISTA NELL’OPERA PER PIANOFORTE DI ALFREDO CASELLA
Translation Italian > English
Music
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Jan 2013 Languages: Italian to English
Fruit Logistica 2013 Berlin - catalogue translation
Translation of Catalogue
Fruit Logistica - Berlin Germany 2013
Italian > English translation
Project managment of Italian > German (in collaboration)
Cooking / Culinary
No comment.
Editing/proofreading Volume: 20 days Completed: May 2011 Languages: Italian to English
EU Project: Keywords Dictionary
In collaboration with Leeds University, Cambridge Lexicograpy & Language Services Ltd, CNR Pisa,
A major EU-project, Kelly -
Keywords for Language Learning for Young and adults alike.
The project deals with nine different languages: Arabic,
Chinese, English, Greek, Italian, Norwegian, Polish,
Russian, and Swedish. 9000 words for
each language combination.
Linguistics
positive KEEWORDS CARL JONAS: Good to work with. Competent. On time. I will definitely work with her again.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Editing/proofreading Volume: 1 days Completed: Jul 2011 Languages: Italian to English
4,700 words medical survey responses COPD
Pharmaceutical Medical Survey Responses COPD
Proofread 4,700 words
Italian > English
medical (general)
Medical (general)
positive Foreign Tongues: Always on time and very helpful throughout every project.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Translation Volume: 1 days Completed: Jul 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Proof reading of open ended responses - Medical Survey
Proofreading
Medical Survey - open ended responses
Italian > English
Medical: Pharmaceuticals
positive Foreign Tongues: A pleasure to work with. High standards and always on deadline, if not before
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you again.
Translation Volume: 1 days Languages: Italian to English
Editing/proofreading Volume: 2443 words Languages: English
Proofreading of medical/ dental text - bruising
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COLORIMETRIC SCALE AS A VISUAL AID FOR THE BRUISE AGE DETERMINATION OF BITE MARKS AND BLUNT TRAUMA
English Proofreading
Medical/ dental
Medical: Dentistry
positive Dr Nuzzolese: Very accurate and reliable.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Many thanks.
Software localization Volume: 0 days Completed: Sep 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Localization of FACEBOOK game
Localization of FaceBook game
Italian > English
Games/ Video Games/ Gaming
Gaming/Video-games/E-sports
positive Dreamslair: great job
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Jan 2010 Languages: Italian to English
Chinchilla Website Translation
Chincilla
website translated
Livestock / Animal Husbandry
positive CHINCHILLA LA PLATA: Amanda Jane Lowes Thanks for the Chinchilla Website Translation
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Translation Volume: 1 days Completed: Sep 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Translation of 4 degree certificates
4 Degree Certificates (medical)
Certified Translation Italian > English
Certificates/ Diplomas/ Licenses/ CVs
Certificates, Diplomas, Licenses, CVs
positive Unlisted : Amanda surprised me. She was even faster than I needed and very professional. I strongly recommend her!
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Jan 2012 Languages: Italian to English
Certified Translation
Certified Translation of Medical Certificate
(for presentation in the UK)
Italian > English
Certificates/ Diplomas/ Licenses
Certificates, Diplomas, Licenses, CVs
positive Dr Fernanda Cristofori: Excellent work!
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Oct 2011 Languages: English
Proofreading of English text (WITLOX) 3372 words
English Website Proofreading
Bus/ Financial
Business/Commerce (general)
positive Sylvia van Can : Proofreading of good quality and nice contact
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Editing/proofreading Volume: 0 days Languages: English
Proofreading - antitheft device
Proofreading
English
Vehicle anti theft device
Engineering (general)
positive Dott.ssa Milena Lorusso: Excellent help in editing the text that is very difficult to handle since it's technical field. And also she is always rapid and helpful. Thanks very much!
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Oct 2011 Languages: Italian to English
facebook game translation
Facebook Game Translation
Quests 1 - 26
Translation Italian > English
Games/Video Games/ Gaming
Gaming/Video-games/E-sports
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you
Translation Volume: 2183 words Languages: Italian to English
Dental forensic transation
DENTAL AUTOPSY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF MISSING
PERSONS: CASE REPORT
Translation Italian > English
Il ruolo dell’Odontologo Forense nella Scheda
Ministeriale Ri.Sc. per i cadaveri senza nome
DENTAL AUTOPSY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF MISSING PERSONS: CASE REPORT
E. Nuzzolese (*), F. Montagna(**), P. Ricci (*)
(*) Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Italy
(**) Sommacampagna (VR), Italy
Keywords: human identification, dental autopsy, missing persons, forensic odontology
Medical: Dentistry
No comment.
Translation Volume: 0 days Languages: Italian to English
Dental translation
MISSING PEOPLE AND NAMELESS CADAVERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
Nuzzolese E., Colonna R., Ricci P.
Translation Italian > English
Medical: Dentistry
No comment.
Translation Volume: 3870 days Completed: Oct 2012 Languages: Italian to English
Medical Dental Forensic translation
Cranial Trepanation in the Apulian Region of Italy between the IV and VI Centuries A.D.: case studies
Nunzio Di Nunnoa, Emilio Nuzzolese b, Vito Scattarella c, Sandro Sublimi Saponetti c
aUniversity of Salento, Dipartimento di Storia, Società e Studi sull'Uomo, Palazzo Parlangeli, via Mario Stampacchia 45, 73100 Lecce, Italy
bForensic odontologist, Viale JF Kennedy, 70124 Bari, Italy
aDepartment of Biology, Section of Anthropology, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
Keywords: trepanations, forensic medicine, forensic radiology, skull assessment, cranial trauma, forensic science
Medical: Dentistry
No comment.
Editing/proofreading Volume: 3227 words Languages: English Italian to English
Proofreading/ translation of dental text
EXPERT WITNESSES IN DENTISTRY: A COMPARISON BETWEEN ITALY AND CROATIA
Partial translation and proofreading
Italian > English
Keywords: Expert witness, Dental damage evaluation, Dental law, Forensic Odontology
Medical: Dentistry
No comment.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Jan 2012 Languages: Italian to English
Certified Translation
Certified Translation of Medical Degree Certificate
(for presentation in the UK)
Italian > English
Certificates/ Diplomas/ Licenses
Certificates, Diplomas, Licenses, CVs
positive Dr Fernanda Cristofori: Great job
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks Fernanda.
Training session Volume: 0 days Completed: Oct 2012 Languages: English
Cambridge First Certificate Language Training General English ALTE 3/CEF ind' us
Cambridge First Certificate Language Training General English ALTE 3/CEF ind' user/ Council of Europe B2
Education / Pedagogy
No comment.
Editing/proofreading Volume: 12 hours Completed: Nov 2011 Languages:
Italian to English
Proofreading for Italian Learners' Dictionary
Italian Proofreading
Keewords Dictionary
Young Adult Learners
Education/ Pedagogy
Education / Pedagogy
No comment.
Translation Volume: 3500 words Completed: Oct 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Technical manual
Instruction Manual
Industrial Vertical Oven
Tech/ Engineering
Italian > English
Engineering (general)
No comment.
Translation Volume: 394 words Completed: Oct 2011 Languages: Italian to English
certificate translation
University of Salento Certificate
Translation Italian > English
Certificates, Diplomas, Licenses
Certificates, Diplomas, Licenses, CVs
No comment.
Translation Volume: 7744 words Completed: Oct 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Facebook Game Translation
Facebook Game Translation/ localization
(Materials)
Translation Italian > English
Games/Video Games/ Gaming
Gaming/Video-games/E-sports
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Translation Volume: 1806 words Completed: Oct 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Facebook Game Translation
Facebook Game Translation
Quest tutorials and introductory text
Translation Italian > English
Games/Video Games/ Gaming
Gaming/Video-games/E-sports
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Editing/proofreading Volume: 5913 words Completed: Oct 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Native Speaker Revision/ Edit
Native Speaker Revision/ Edit
Egg/Poultry Production Text
Italian > English
Marketing/ Gastronomy
Cooking / Culinary
No comment.
Editing/proofreading Volume: 0 days Completed: Sep 2011 Languages: English
Proofreading of scientific text
Proofreading
Scientific text (Argyrosomus regius)
Science (general)
No comment.
Editing/proofreading Volume: 2 days Completed: Sep 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Edit and partial translation of egg production literature
Revision, Edit and Partial Translation
Egg Production Literature
Gastronomy/ Livestock
Italian > English
Cooking / Culinary
No comment.
Translation Volume: 11449 words Completed: Aug 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Visual merchandising handbook
Visual merchandising handbook
Italian > English translation
Clothing/ textiles/ marketing
Textiles / Clothing / Fashion
No comment.
Editing/proofreading Volume: 0 days Completed: Aug 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Medical proofreading
Medical proofreading (pharmaceutical bibliography)
Indexed Journal
English Medical: pharmaceutical
Medical: Pharmaceuticals
No comment.
Editing/proofreading Volume: 0 days Completed: Aug 2011 Languages: English
Proofreading educational literature
Proofreading of Educational Documents (Chinese University)
English
Education/ pedagogy
Education / Pedagogy
No comment.
Editing/proofreading Volume: 0 days Completed: Aug 2011 Languages: English
Urgent commercial text
Urgent Commercial text
English Proofreading
Tech/ Engineering
Electronics / Elect Eng
positive Agency ID not registered: Amanda Jane is an excellent editor and translator, very serious, meticulous and friendly. Highly recommended!
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you Denise.
Translation Volume: 2663 words Completed: Jul 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Medical Translation - Diabetes/ DFU
Medical Translation
Medical trials/ Diabetes/ off-loading devices/ DFU/ INDEXED JOURNAL
Italian > English
Medical (general)
Medical (general)
No comment.
Translation Volume: 1300 days Completed: Aug 2005 Languages: Italian to English
Physics
Translation/edit/proofreading
USE OF RADAR AND OPTICAL REMOTELY SENSED DATA FOR SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVAL OVER VEGETATED AREAS
Physics
positive Università degli Studi di Bari Dip Fisica: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks Claudia
Translation Volume: 1000 words Completed: Jul 2007 Languages: Italian to English
Physics
Translation/edit/ proofreading
SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVAL FROM REMOTELY SENSED DATA: NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH VERSUS BAYESIAN METHODS
Physics
positive Università degli Studi di Bari Dip Fisica: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks Claudia, it's always a pleasure working with you.
Translation Volume: 12000 days Completed: Jun 2004 Languages: Italian to English
Physics
Translation/edit/ proofreading
AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF LOCAL CLOUD SYSTEMS FROM MODIS DATA
Physics
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks Claudia
Translation Volume: 2 days Completed: Jul 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Medical survey responses - open ended questions immunotherapy
Medico - pharmaceutical Survey Responses - open ended questions
Italian > English
medical/ pharmaceuticals
Translation Volume: 6000 words Completed: Feb 2005 Languages: Italian to English
Health catalogue translation
Catalogue Sensazioni e Benessere
Medical: Health Care
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks Antonella.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Apr 2007 Languages: Italian to English
AUREA project healthcare catalogue
Healthcare catalogue - AUREA
Italian > English
Medical/ health care
Medical: Health Care
positive Spazi Eventi: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Jun 2008 Languages: Italian to English
Translation OLIVE OIL AND WINE
Translation
OLIVE OIL AND WINE CARDS FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIR
Wine / Oenology / Viticulture, Food & Drink
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Jan 2008 Languages: Italian to English
DVD booklet
Faro records promotional material
Media / Multimedia, Media / Multimedia, Music
No comment.
Translation Volume: 5800 words Completed: Mar 2009 Languages: Italian to English
Tourism catalogue translation
Catalogues Puglia Gran Turismo 2009 and Terraviva 2009
Tourism & Travel
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Translation Volume: 1 days Completed: Sep 2009 Languages: Italian to English
Synagogue Texts
Italian > English translation of various texts relating to Synagogues.
Religion
No comment.
Translation Volume: 2 days Completed: Jun 2009 Languages: Italian to English
Food Cards
Exhibition Leaflets and Food Cards
Italian > English translation
cooking/ culinary
Cooking / Culinary
No comment.
Translation Volume: 1 days Completed: Jan 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Translation
Translation of High School Diploma
Italian > English
certificates/ diplomas
Certificates, Diplomas, Licenses, CVs
positive Domenico Degennaro: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Translation Volume: 2 days Completed: Feb 2008 Languages: Italian to English
Airports
Apulian Airports
Italian > English translation
tourism/ travel
Tourism & Travel
No comment.
Translation Volume: 5 days Completed: Oct 2006 Languages: Italian to English
Interreg III B Programme
Tourism & Travel
positive COTUP: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks Antonella.
Translation Volume: 2 days Completed: Oct 2006 Languages: Italian to English
Aurea Programme
Aurea programme
Italian > English
tourism/ travel
Tourism & Travel
positive COTUP: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Jul 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Trinity Language Training
Trinity ESOL Language Training Programme
Grade 3 ALTE 1/ Council of Europe A2
Education/ pedagogy
Education / Pedagogy
positive daniele Stecchi: really competent, she can be interest to study english language also young people!
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Training session Volume: 30 days Completed: Jun 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Trinity Training Programme
Trinity Training Programme
Grade 10 ALTE 4/ Council of Europe C1
Education / Pedagogy
positive Marisa della Gatta: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you Marisa.
Training session Volume: 40 days Completed: Jun 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Trinity Training Programme
Trinity Training Programme
Grade 3 ALTE 1/ Council of Europe A2
Education / Pedagogy
positive Danilo Bux: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Training session Volume: 30 days Completed: Jun 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Trinity Training Programme
Trinity Training Programme
Grade 10 ALTE 4/ Council of Europe C1
Education / Pedagogy
positive Nicole Terlizzi: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Jun 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Cambridge Language Training
Cambridge Advanced Language Training
General English
ALTE 4/CEF ind' - prof' user/ Council of Europe C1
Education / Pedagogy
positive Giorgia Colella: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you Giorgia.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Jun 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Cambridge Language Training
Cambridge First Certificate Language Training
General English
ALTE 3/CEF ind' user/ Council of Europe B2
Education / Pedagogy
positive Paola marsico: The teacher leads the class in an excellent and professional way. The texts and support materials used during a lesson are really useful for a proper learning of the language.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks Paola.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Jun 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Cambridge Language Training
Cambridge First Certificate Language Training
General English
ALTE 3/CEF ind' user/ Council of Europe B2
Education / Pedagogy
positive Antonio De Candia: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks Antonio.
Training session Volume: 0 days Completed: Jun 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Trinity Language Training
Trinity ESOL Language Training Grade 5
ALTE 2/CEF basic -ind' user/ Council of Europe B1
Education/ pedagogy
Education / Pedagogy
positive Mrs Pepe : No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Training session Volume: 0 days Completed: Jun 2011 Languages: Italian to English
Trinity Language Training
Trinity ESOL Language Training Grade 54
ALTE 2/CEF basic -ind' user/ Council of Europe B1
Education/ pedagogy
Education / Pedagogy
positive Mrs Pepe: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Training session Volume: 30 days Completed: May 2011 Languages: Italian to English
IELTS Training
IELTS Training programme
5 Council of Europe B1/ B2 AlTE 3
Education / Pedagogy
positive Dott Mirko Gemma: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Training session Volume: 30 days Completed: Apr 2011 Languages:
Italian to English
Trinity ISE II Training Programme
Trinity ISE II Training Programme
ALTE 3/ Council of Europe B2
Education / Pedagogy
positive Dott.ssa Azalea Lopergola: Thanks to her teaching, my english has improved and I succeed in passing the exam!
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks Azalea.
Training session Volume: 0 days Completed: Jan 2011 Languages: Italian to English
IELTS Training
IELTS Training Programme
5 Council of Europe B1/ B2 AlTE 3
Education / Pedagogy
positive Fabiano Fedele: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Training session Volume: 30 days Completed: Dec 2010 Languages: Italian to English
Cambridge FCE Language Training
Cambridge (FCE) Language Training
Council of Europe B2/ ALTE 3
Education / Pedagogy
positive Dott.ssa Ragone: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks Roberta.
Training session Volume: 0 days Completed: Dec 2010 Languages: Italian to English
Cambridge FCE Language Training
Cambridge (FCE) Language Training
Council of Europe B2/ ALTE 3
Education / Pedagogy
positive Dott Zippitelli: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Translation Volume: 1 days Completed: May 2006 Languages: Italian to English
Tourism translation
Tourism translation
AUREA Italian > English
Tourism & Travel
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks Antonella.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: May 2006 Languages: Italian to English
Transcription
Business/Commerce (general)
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks Antonella.
Translation Volume: 5800 words Completed: Mar 2008 Languages: Italian to English
Tourism catalogue translation
Catalogues Puglia Gran Turismo 2008 and Terraviva 2008
Tourism & Travel
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Feb 2006 Languages: Italian to English
Tourism translation
2004
Religious Tourism Translation (borsa del turismo religioso e delle aree protette)
Tourism Brochure Translation
"Benvenuti in Puglia" Italian > English
Tourism translation
Emmecinque Promotion Italian > English
Tourism & Travel
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks Antonella.
Translation Volume: 5800 words Completed: Mar 2001 Languages: Italian to English
Tourism catalogue translation
Catalogues Puglia Gran Turismo 2001 and Terraviva 2001
Tourism & Travel
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Translation Volume: 0 days Completed: Mar 2000 Languages: Italian to English
Tourism catalogue translation
Catalogues Puglia Gran Turismo 2000 and Terraviva 2000
Tourism & Travel
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Translation Volume: 3 days Completed: Oct 2005 Languages: Italian to English
Leonardo Project - a summary
Leonardo Project
Italian > English translation
travel/ tourism
Tourism & Travel
positive COTUP: No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thank you.
Translation Volume: 1 days Completed: Aug 2005 Languages: Italian to English
Legal translation
Legal translation Italian > English
Tribunale di Roveto
Law (general)
No comment.
Translation Volume: 4 days Completed: Jan 2005 Languages: Italian to English
Italian Railway Tourism Extracts
Railway Tourism in Italy
Italian > English translation
tourism/ travel
Transport / Transportation / Shipping
No comment.
Translation Volume: 2 days Completed: Nov 2004 Languages: Italian to English
Business translations
Business translations (2004)
Contratto di rappresentanza
testo - Programma dell'insegnamento di strategie e politiche dell'azienda turistica
testo - cenni sulle principali attività dell'organismo
testo - Quale è il problema di discriminazione e/o esclusione all'origine dell'intervento?
Business/Commerce (general)
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks Antonella.
Translation Volume: 50 pages Completed: Feb 2007 Languages: Italian to English
Children's literature
Children's literature
'Puglia che Avventura"
Informative literature for children about the region of Apulia, Italy.
Poetry & Literature
No comment.
Translation Volume: 12000 words Completed: Mar 1999 Languages: Italian to English
Tourism catalogue translation
Catalogues Puglia Gran Turismo 1999 and Terraviva 1999
Tourism & Travel
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Amanda Jane Lowles: Thanks Antonella.
Translation Volume: 5800 words Completed: Mar 2007 Languages: Italian to English
Tourism catalogue translation
Catalogues Puglia Gran Turismo 2007 and Terraviva 2007
Tourism & Travel
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Translation Volume: 5800 words Completed: Mar 2006 Languages: Italian to English
Tourism catalogue translation
Catalogues Puglia Gran Turismo 2006 and Terraviva 2006
Tourism & Travel
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Translation Volume: 5800 words Completed: Mar 2005 Languages: Italian to English
Tourism catalogue translation
Catalogues Puglia Gran Turismo 2005 and Terraviva 2005
Tourism & Travel
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Translation Volume: 5800 words Completed: Mar 2004 Languages: Italian to English
Tourism catalogue translation
Catalogues Puglia Gran Turismo 2004 and Terraviva 2004
Tourism & Travel
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Translation Volume: 5800 words Completed: Mar 2003 Languages: Italian to English
Tourism catalogue translation
Catalogues Puglia Gran Turismo 2003 and Terraviva 2003
Tourism & Travel
positive Unlisted : No comment.
Translation Volume: 5800 words Completed: Mar 2002 Languages: Italian to English
Tourism catalogue translation
Catalogues Puglia Gran Turismo 2002 and Terraviva 2002
Tourism & Travel
positive Unlisted : No comment.
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Blue Board entries made by this user
4 entries
Access to Blue Board comments is restricted for non-members. Click the outsourcer name to view the Blue Board record and see options for gaining access to this information.
Italian to English: FOOD ALLERGY General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical: Health Care
Source text - Italian ALLERGIA ALIMENTARE
Le reazione avverse agli alimenti riconoscono diverse cause e solo una parte
di esse ha base allergica. Possono essere a grandi linee distinte reazioni con
meccanismo immunologico, nelle quali cioè interviene il sistema immunitario
soprattutto con la produzione di anticorpi, e reazioni non immunologiche. Le
allergie alimentari vere e proprie sono mediate da una risposta immunitaria,
mentre altri tipi di reazioni hanno ad es. meccanismi tossici (intrinseca
proprietà dell’alimento stesso, come per i funghi velenosi), enzimatici (deficit
di produzione o di attività di un enzima, cioè di una proteina con un’azione
specifica, come nell’intolleranza al lattosio, in cui lo zucchero del latte, il
lattosio appunto, non viene assorbito per carenza di lattasi) o...
Contrariamente a quanto solitamente si crede, gli additivi alimentari sono una
causa abbastanza rara di reazioni alimentari avverse, essendo stati dimostrati
in meno dell’1% dei bambini.
Tra le reazioni di tipo immunologico sono comprese anche particolari
condizioni come ad es. l’intolleranza al glutine o celiachia, in cui la risposta
alterata che si attiva è scatenata dall’assunzione di glutine e porta alla
produzione di anticorpi di tipo IgA e IgG oltre all’attivazione di meccanismi
cellulari responsabili del danno specifico.
Nel vasto e variegato panorama delle manifestazioni allergiche infantili, vanno
innanzi tutto divise quelle di tipo immediato, in cui i principali attori sono
anticorpi di classe IgE, dalle reazioni ritardate, in cui di solito il meccanismo
che sta alla base è un’attivazione cellulare. Le reazioni IgE mediate sono le
meglio conosciute e le più temute, perché possono provocare sintomi
importanti come lo shock anafilattico. E’ fondamentale a tale proposito
sottolineare che questo tipo di reazioni è appunto immediato, deve cioè
avvenire subito dopo aver assunto l’alimento offendente e comunque, per
convenzione, entro due ore. Reazioni che si manifestano dopo molte ore o
giorni dall’ingestione di un determinato alimento non possono essere
classificate come IgE mediate. Inoltre, pur essendo in qualche modo
dipendenti dalla quantità ingerita soprattutto per determinare la gravità del
sintomo, si tratta di fenomeni che si possono attivare anche per minime
contaminazioni e che si manifestano per lo più ad ogni contatto con l’alimento.
[…]
Negli ultimi decenni la problematica dell’allergia alimentare è divenuta sempre
più rilevante, interessando una percentuale sempre maggiore di individui,
soprattutto nei primi anni di vita. Particolarmente frequente e' l’ipersensibilità'
alimentare nei bambini affetti da eczema moderato o grave (condizione
peraltro molto comune, che interessa oltre il 10% dei lattanti) essendo
dimostrabile in oltre un terzo di essi. Questa osservazione, oltre all’evidenza
di una familiarità nei casi di allergia alimentare e di atopia in genere, ha
indotto i paesi occidentali (europei ed anglosassoni) negli ultimi 40 anni ad
applicare programmi di prevenzione nei soggetti potenzialmente a rischio (figli
di mamme atopiche, bambini con eczema precoce), basati essenzialmente
sull’evitamento degli alimenti più allergizzanti e sulla ritardata introduzione
degli stessi nella dieta dei lattanti. Recenti acquisizioni stanno però
completamente ribaltando queste indicazioni e suggeriscono che il ritardo
nell’introduzione dei cibi solidi possa essere controproducente, perché
ostacola i meccanismi di acquisizione della tolleranza alimentare, specie nei
bambini con dermatite eczematosa, in cui l’alterazione della barriera cutanea
favorisce la sensibilizzazione allergica attraverso la via transcutanea. Al
momento attuale quindi, non è più raccomandabile che i bambini a rischio
allergico ritardino l’introduzione dei solidi nella dieta. E’ invece ragionevole
proporre anche in essi un divezzamento secondo le normali tappe, come per
tutti i lattanti senza fattori di rischio. In linea di principio l’allattamento materno
va incoraggiato in tutti i neonati, e l’introduzione di cibi diversi dal latte va
evitata nei primi 3 mesi di vita. Laddove il latte materno sia carente vanno
prescritte formule adattate (latti in polvere) e comunque a partire dal quartoquinto
mese, pur mantenendo il latte materno (o artificiale), possono essere
introdotti altri alimenti, in quantità gradualmente crescenti, compatibilmente
con i gusti e le competenze del singolo bambino.
Per giungere alla diagnosi di allergia alimentare è fondamentale raccogliere in
maniera molto precisa e scrupolosa le informazioni sulla storia del bambino,
visitarlo con altrettanta cura, scegliere in maniera oculata i test diagnostici e/o
le diete di eliminazione a cui sottoporlo. Un’analisi molto attenta della storia
del soggetto indirizza verso il sospetto diagnostico più probabile. Alle volte
sono proprio i dettagli raccolti minuziosamente che permettono di arrivare alla
corretta diagnosi, con un’analisi della sequenza temporale degli eventi, dei
sintomi riferiti, degli alimenti ingeriti, l’eventuale attività fisica svolta, ecc...
Ci sono numerosi test diagnostici che possono dare utili informazioni, ma
quello che è ancora considerato il gold standard della diagnosi di allergia
alimentare è il test di provocazione orale (TPO), cioè la somministrazione
dell’alimento in questione in dosi crescenti, osservando la comparsa di
eventuali sintomi immediati o ritardati. Questo test resta insostituibile nei casi
di sospette reazioni ritardate (di solito gastrointestinali o cutanee), condizioni
in cui non ci sono test in vivo o in vitro in grado di ottenere una diagnosi
precisa.
Invece, nel caso delle reazioni immediate, se la storia è molto suggestiva, ad
es. per ingestione di un solo alimento e comparsa dopo pochi minuti di
sintomi allergici, e si riscontra la positività per gli anticorpi di tipo IgE verso
quello specifico alimento, molto spesso viene consigliata una dieta di
eliminazione e si può soprassedere all’esecuzione del TPO.
[…]
Negli ultimi anni, parallelamente all’aumento di tutte le malattie allergiche nel
mondo occidentale, si e' assistito ad un sempre più frequente ricorso, sia da
parte dei medici che da parte dei pazienti, alle metodiche diagnostiche
cosiddette “alternative” o “complementari”. I sostenitori di tale approccio
ritengono che esista una vastissima gamma di segni e sintomi attribuibili
all’ingestione di certi alimenti, ma non inquadrabili nelle forme di allergia
classica immediata e non diagnosticabili con i Prick o il RAST. I sintomi che
appartengono ai questi così detti quadri di “intolleranza alimentare”
deriverebbero per lo più da un’azione nociva causata dall’accumulo nel tempo
dei cibi offendenti e per questo spesso non sarebbero facilmente ricollegabili
all’alimento che li determina. Quindi la correlazione fra alimento sospetto e
disturbo non e' così evidente come nelle allergie, ma e' subdola e difficilmente
identificabile.
Le intolleranze alimentari comprendono i disturbi più vari come la cefalea, la
stanchezza-affaticabilità, l’aumento ponderale o l’incapacità di perdere peso
anche seguendo le diete più drastiche, disturbi intestinali di varia natura
(diarrea, stipsi, acidità gastrica, gonfiore addominale, flatulenza), sintomi
cutanei (prurito, secchezza della pelle, foruncoli).
[…]
Translation - English FOOD ALLERGY
Adverse reactions to food have various causes, and only some of them are allergic in nature. Broadly speaking, different reactions may be non-immunological or derive from an immunological mechanism, whereby the immune system intervenes with the production of antibodies. Allergies in the true sense of the word, are the result of an immunological response, while other types of reaction, for example toxic mechanisms, are an intrinsic property of the food itself, for example in the case of poisonous mushrooms. They may also be enzymatic - deficient in the production or activity of an enzyme (a protein with a specific action) for example, in cases of lactose intolerance, where the sugar present in milk (lactose) is not absorbed due to the lack of lactase. Contrary to popular belief, food additives are rarely the cause of adverse reactions to food, and have been shown to affect less than 1% of children.
Included in the immunological type reaction are some particular conditions, for example, gluten intolerance or Celiac disease, where the altered response is brought about by the ingestion of gluten. This leads to the production of type
IgA and IgG antibodies as well as the activation of cellular mechanisms which are responsible for specific damage.
In the wide and varied range of infant allergic manifestations, some distinction should be made between; the immediate type, where the principal IgE antibodies are at work, and the delayed reaction type where the base mechanism is usually that of cellular activation. The IgE-mediated reactions are not only the best known but also the most feared as they may provoke serious symptoms such as anaphylactic shock. With this in mind, it is therefore fundamental to point out that this type of reaction is of the immediate type, and will manifest immediately after the trigger food has been ingested, or according to norms, within the following two hours. Reactions which manifest many hours or days after the ingestion of a particular foodstuff cannot be classified as IgE mediated. Even though these reactions depend on the amount of trigger food which has been ingested, above all in determining the severity of the symptoms, these phenomena may manifest even after minimal contact and on every single occasion when there is contact with the trigger food.
[…]
During the past several decades the problem of food allergy has become more and more significant, affecting an increasingly higher percentage of individuals, above all, in the first few years of life. Food hypersensitivity in children who suffer from moderate or severe eczema (conditions which are, however, very common and which affect more than10% of un-weaned infants) is particularly frequent and has been shown to be present in more than a third of all cases. During the last 40 years, this observation, apart from highlighting the connection between food allergy cases and general predisposition, has incited some European and Anglo-Saxon countries to implement a prevention program for at-risk individuals (the offspring of atopic mothers and children with early eczema), based on the avoidance of known trigger foods and the late introduction of such foodstuffs in infant weaning programs. Recent information, however, is turning this way of thinking on its head and suggests that a delay in the introduction of solid food could be counterproductive as it inhibits food tolerance acquisition mechanisms. This is particularly pertinent to children with eczematous dermatitis, who may be transdermally more susceptible to allergy due to an alteration in the cutaneous barrier. At the present time it is not recommended that allergy-risk children delay the introduction of solid foods in their diet. It is suggested that they are
weaned in the same way as any other infant. In general, breastfeeding is
encouraged in all newborns and the introduction of foodstuffs, other than milk, should be avoided during the first three months of life. When breast milk is not available, suitable formula milk (powdered milk) should be prescribed for use at age four or five months. With either breast milk or formula milk other foodstuffs may be introduced in gradually increasing quantities according to the ability and preferred tastes of the child.
In order to arrive at a food allergy diagnosis a very precise and detailed gathering of information regarding the history of the child must be obtained. The child must be examined with equal care, and diagnostic tests chosen wisely, together with the use of avoidance diets, if applicable. A very careful analysis of the child’s history will point towards the most probable diagnosis.
Occasionally it is the minutest detail which leads towards the correct diagnosis together with an analysis of events over time, reported symptoms, foods ingested, and pertinent physical activity etc. There are numerous diagnostic tests that can give useful information, but the one still considered to be the gold standard in food allergy diagnosis is the oral provocation test (OPT) - the administration of the trigger food in ever increasing doses to observe the
apparition of any symptoms, be they immediate or delayed. This test is
irreplaceable in cases where delayed reactions, usually gastrointestinal or cutaneous, are suspected; conditions where tests, either in vivo or in vitro, are unable to arrive at a precise diagnosis.
On the other hand, an avoidance diet may be advised and the OPT avoided in cases of an immediate response if, the patient’s history points to the ingestion of one single foodstuff, the reaction occurs after only a few minutes of allergic symptoms, and positive antibodies type IgE are detected for that particular foodstuff.
[…]
During the last few years in concomitance with the increase in allergic disease in the Western world, both doctors and patients have been increasingly turning to the so called ‘alternative’ or ‘complementary’ diagnostic methods.
Advocates of these approaches claim that an extremely vast range of signs and symptoms can be attributed to the ingestion of certain foodstuffs, which do not fit into the classic type of immediate allergy and cannot be diagnosed with the Prick or Radioallergosorbent (RAST) test. In the majority of cases the
symptoms that belong to these so called clinical lists of ‘food intolerances’, derive from a harmful reaction due to the accumulation over time of trigger foods, often making it difficult to identify the culprit. Therefore, the connection between suspected trigger food and the ailment is not as evident as in the case of allergies, as it is surreptitious and difficult to identify.
Food allergy consists of various ailments, for example headache, lethargy, weight gain or the inability to lose weight despite drastic dieting, various intestinal problems (diarrhoea, constipation, gastric acid, abdominal bloating, flatulence), and skin symptoms (itching, dryness, spots).
[…]
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