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English to Portuguese: TI General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: IT (Information Technology)
Source text - English Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data or information. IT is typically used within the context of business operations as opposed to personal or entertainment technologies. IT is considered to be a subset of information and communications technology (ICT). An information technology system (IT system) is generally an information system, a communications system, or, more specifically speaking, a computer system – including all hardware, software, and peripheral equipment – operated by a limited group of users.
Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating, and communicating information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000 BC, but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs.
Translation - Portuguese Tecnologia da informação (TI) é o uso de computadores para armazenar, recuperar, transmitir e manipular dados ou informações. A TI é normalmente usada no contexto das operações de negócios , em oposição às tecnologias pessoais ou de entretenimento. A TI é considerada um subconjunto da tecnologia da informação e comunicação (TIC). Um sistema de tecnologia da informação (sistema de TI) é geralmente um sistema de informação, um sistema de comunicação, ou, mais especificamente falando, um sistema de computador - incluindo todo hardware, software, e equipamento periférico - operado por um grupo limitado de usuários.
Os humanos têm armazenado, recuperado, manipulado e comunicado informações desde que os sumérios na Mesopotâmia desenvolveram a escrita por volta de 3.000 AC, mas o termo tecnologia da informação em seu sentido moderno apareceu pela primeira vez em um artigo de 1958 publicado na Harvard Business Review; os autores Harold J. Leavitt e Thomas L. Whisler comentaram que "a nova tecnologia ainda não tem um único nome estabelecido". Vamos chamá-lo de tecnologia da informação (TI). " Sua definição consiste em três categorias: técnicas de processamento, a aplicação de métodos estatísticos e matemáticos à tomada de decisão, e a simulação do pensamento de ordem superior por meio de programas de computador.
English to Portuguese: History of Computer Technologies General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Computers (general)
Source text - English Devices have been utilized to aid computation for thousands of years, probably initially in the form of a tally stick. The Antikythera mechanism, dating from about the beginning of the first century BC, is generally considered to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer and the earliest known geared mechanism. Comparable geared devices did not emerge in Europe until the 16th century, and it was not until 1645 that the first mechanical calculator capable of performing the four basic arithmetical operations was developed.
Electronic computers, using either relays or valves, began to appear in the early 1940s. The electromechanical Zuse Z3, completed in 1941, was the world's first programmable computer, and by modern standards one of the first machines that could be considered a complete computing machine. Colossus, developed during the Second World War to decrypt German messages, was the first electronic digital computer. Although it was programmable, it was not general-purpose, being designed to perform only a unique task. It equally lacked the ability to preserve its program in memory; programming was carried out using plugs and switches to alter the internal wiring. The first recognizably modern electronic digital stored-program computer was the Manchester Baby, which ran its first program on 21 June 1948.
The development of transistors in the late 1940s at Bell Laboratories allowed a new generation of computers to be designed with extremely reduced power consumption. The first commercially available stored-program computer, the Ferranti Mark I, contained 4050 valves and had a power consumption of 25 kilowatts. By comparison, the first transistorized computer developed at the University of Manchester and operational by November 1953 consumed only 150 watts in its final version.
Several later breakthroughs in semiconductor technology include the integrated circuit (IC) invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1959, the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) invented by Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Laboratories in 1959, and the microprocessor invented by Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, Masatoshi Shima and Stanley Mazor at Intel in 1971. These significant inventions led to the development of the personal computer (PC) in the 1970s, and the emergence of information and communications technology (ICT).
Translation - Portuguese Dispositivos têm sido usados para auxiliar a computação por milhares de anos, provavelmente inicialmente na forma de um bastão de contagem. O mecanismo de Antikythera, que data de cerca do início do primeiro século AC, é geralmente considerado o mais antigo computador analógico mecânico conhecido, e o mecanismo de engrenagem conhecido mais antigo. Dispositivos com engrenagens comparáveis não surgiram na Europa até o século 16, e foi somente em 1645 que a primeira calculadora mecânica capaz de realizar as quatro operações aritméticas básicas foi desenvolvida.
Os computadores eletrônicos, usando relés ou válvulas, começaram a aparecer no início dos anos 1940. O Zuse Z3 eletromecânico, concluído em 1941, foi o primeiro computador programável do mundo e, pelos padrões modernos, uma das primeiras máquinas que poderiam ser consideradas uma máquina de computação completa.O Colossus, desenvolvido durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial para descriptografar mensagens alemãs, foi o primeiro computador digital eletrônico . Embora fosse programável, não era de uso geral, sendo projetado para realizar apenas uma tarefa. Ele também não tinha a capacidade de armazenar seu programa na memória; a programação foi realizada usando plugues e interruptores para alterar a fiação interna. O primeiro computador eletrônico com programa armazenado digital reconhecidamente moderno foi o Manchester Baby, que executou seu primeiro programa em 21 de junho de 1948.
O desenvolvimento de transistores no final dos anos 1940 na Bell Laboratories permitiu que uma nova geração de computadores fosse projetada com consumo de energia bastante reduzido. O primeiro computador com programa armazenado disponível comercialmente, o Ferranti Mark I, continha 4.050 válvulas e consumia 25 quilowatts de energia. Em comparação, o primeiro computador transistorizado desenvolvido na Universidade de Manchester e operacional em novembro de 1953 consumia apenas 150 watts em sua versão final.
Vários avanços posteriores na tecnologia de semicondutores incluem o circuito integrado (IC) inventado por Jack Kilby na Texas Instruments e Robert Noyce na Fairchild Semiconductor em 1959, o transistor de efeito de campo de semicondutor de óxido metálico (MOSFET) inventado por Mohamed Atalla e Dawon Kahng em Bell Laboratories em 1959 e o microprocessador inventado por Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, Masatoshi Shima e Stanley Mazor na Intel em 1971. Essas importantes invenções levaram ao desenvolvimento do computador pessoal (PC) na década de 1970 e ao surgimento da tecnologia da informação e comunicação (TIC).
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Experience
Years of experience: 4. Registered at ProZ.com: Nov 2020.
Senior IT
professional with more than 20 years experience acquired in large industries in
the Oil and Gas, Telecommunications, Banking, and Pharmaceutical segments,
acting in systems implementation based on Methodology, as well as in Project
Office (PMO).
Solid knowledge of
PMI-based Project Management best practices, as well as Agile Methods, their
values, principles, and practices. Experience in Agile Project Management with
a focus on bringing value to the client. Squad leadership advocating Management
3.0 concepts. PMO experience focused on results.
Commitment to
results, focusing on value-oriented delivery, continuous improvement, quality,
cost, and project deadlines, through the empowerment of teams, and partnership
with customers and suppliers.
Voluntary translation and review of varied content for World BEYOND War, Research-Aid Networks, ChildFund, EURORDIS - European Organisation for Rare Diseases, Operation Smile International, Ophthalmology Foundation, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, UN Verified, INEE - Inter-Agency Network For Education in Emergencies, Royal College of Anaesthetists, World Food Programme - Language Capacity, International Forum of National NGO Platforms, CAFE Football, Evidence Aid, World Health Organization (WHO), Stanford Digital, Meedan, American Red Cross, NeedsList, World Continuing Education Alliance, Smile Train, and Internews - COVID-19delivered to TWB - Translators Without Borders Organization, totaling more than 208,689 translated words.
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