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- Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
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- Tvrda voda je uzrokovana prisustvom otopljenih soli kalcija i magnezija (nekada i željeza). Prolazna (privremena) tvrdoća potiče od kalcija i hidrogenkarbonata i uklanja se kuhanjem.Stalna tvrdoća se odnosi na sulfate i kloride kalcija i magnezija. Wikipedia - by vladowsky
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- Vode s mineralnih i termalnih izvora obiluju kalcijem i magnezijem i uvijek imaju visoki stupanj tvrdoće. Kada govorimo o konzumnoj vodi, problem se ne zove TVRDA VODA nego KAMENAC koji se javlja kao posljedica transporta kroz vodovodne instalacije i promjene pritiska i temperature tijekom njezina iskorištavanja. Omekšana voda potrebna je u mnogim proizvodnim procesima ali nije pogodna za ljudsko zdravlje. - Agromarketing by vladowsky
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- En química, el agua dura (por contraposición al agua blanda) es aquella que posee una dureza superior a 120 mg CaCO3/l. Es decir que contiene un alto nivel de minerales, en particular sales de magnesio y calcio. Son éstas las causantes de la dureza del agua, y el grado de dureza es directamente proporcional a la concentración de sales metálicas. Wikipedia - by Laura Mangini
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- El agua dura puede volver a ser blanda, con el agregado de carbonato de sodio o potasio, para precipitarlo como sales de carbonatos, o por medio de intercambio iónico con salmuera en presencia de zeolita o resinas sintéticas - Wikipedia by Laura Mangini
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- Woda twarda – woda zawierająca znaczne stężenie soli różnych metali, a zwłaszcza wapnia i magnezu, np. chlorków, siarczanów (VI), wodorowęglanów wapnia i magnezu. Podczas gotowania wody twardej powstaje tzw. kamień kotłowy, tj. nierozpuszczalny osad węglanu wapnia lub magnezu. Taka woda może powodować różne usterki na urządzeniach elektrycznych np. pralce, czajniku elektrycznym. wikipedia - by Igoraczi
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- Σκληρό νερό είναι το νερό που περιέχει διαλυμένα άλατα μεταλλικών ιόντων Own research - by MChris
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- Όταν το νερό περιέχει μεγάλη ποσότητα διαλυμένων αλάτων, λέγεται σκληρό νερό. Το σκληρό νερό είναι ακατάλληλο για την πλύση με σαπούνι. - wikipedia by MChris
- Όταν το νερό αναφέρεται ως "σκληρό" αυτό σημαίνει απλά, ότι περιέχει περισσότερα μεταλλικά στοιχεία από το συνηθισμένο νερό. - Food-info by MChris
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