English to Russian Science Genetics mobile genetic elements

Major types of MGE (mobile genetic elements) include DNA transposons, retrotransposons, plasmids, composite mobile elements such as conjugative transposons, genomic islands, pathogenicity islands, integrative conjugative plasmids, mobilisable transposons (Burrus and Waldor, 2004; Osborn and Böltner, 2002), mobile introns/inteins (Lambowitz and Zimmerly, 2004; Poulter et al., 2007; Yamanaka et al., 2002) and non-autonomous mobile elements that lack encoded enzymes or suitable recognition sequences necessary for mobility. For example, the miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITE, Feschotte et al., 2002), short interspersed nuclear elements (SINE, Moran and Gilbert, 2002) and processed pseudogenes (Kazazian, 2004) all lack a recombinase or reverse transcriptase gene necessary for independent mobility.

(From "Risks from GMOs due to Horizontal Gene Transfer", by Paul Keese)