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English to French: The ancient clock that rules our lives – and determines our health
Source text - English Our lives are ruled by time; we use time to tell us what to do. But the alarm clock that wakes us in the morning or the wristwatch that tells us we are late for supper are unnatural clocks. Our biology answers to a profoundly more ancient beat that probably started to tick early in the evolution of all life.
Embedded within the genes of us, and almost all life on earth, are the instructions for a biological clock that marks the passage of around 24 hours. Biological clocks or “circadian clocks” help time our sleep patterns, alertness, mood, physical strength, blood pressure and much more.
Under normal conditions, we experience a 24-hour pattern of light and dark, and our circadian clock uses this signal to align biological time to the day and night. The clock is then used to anticipate the differing demands of the 24-hour day and fine-tune physiology and behaviour in advance of the changing conditions. Body temperature drops, blood pressure decreases, cognitive performance drops and tiredness increases in anticipation of going to bed. While before dawn, metabolism is geared-up in anticipation of increased activity when we wake.
A circadian clock also stops everything happening at the same time, ensuring that biological processes occur in the appropriate sequence. For cells to work properly they need the right materials in the right place at the right time.
Thousands of genes have to be switched on and off in order and in harmony. Proteins, enzymes, fats, carbohydrates, hormones, nucleic acids and other compounds have to be absorbed, broken down, metabolised and produced in a precise time window. Energy has to be obtained and then allocated to growth, reproduction, metabolism, locomotion and cellular repair.
All of these processes, and many others, take energy and all have to be timed to the correct time of the day. Without a clock, our biology would be in chaos.
The pioneering research of Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael Young – awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine earlier this week – provided our first clear understanding of how a biological clock ticks in any organism; in this case, a fruit fly. [...]
Translation - French Nos vies sont dominées par le temps ; c'est le temps qui nous dit ce que nous devons faire. Mais le réveil qui retentit le matin ou la montre qui nous indique que nous sommes en retard pour le dîner ne sont pas des horloges naturelles. Notre organisme réagit à un rythme bien plus ancien qui a probablement commencé à battre au début de l'évolution de la vie sur Terre.
Nos gènes, comme pratiquement toute vie sur Terre, contiennent les instructions d'une horloge biologique qui marque le passage d'environ 24 heures. Les horloges biologiques ou "horloges circadiennes" aident à déterminer nos rythmes de sommeil, notre vigilance, notre humeur, notre force physique, notre pression artérielle et bien plus encore.
Dans des conditions normales, nous vivons selon un rythme de lumière et d'obscurité de 24 heures, et notre horloge circadienne utilise ce signal pour aligner notre temps biologique sur le jour et la nuit. Ensuite, l'horloge sert à anticiper les différents besoins d'une journée de 24 heures et affine la physiologie et le comportement avant que les conditions ne changent. La température corporelle et la pression artérielle baissent, les performances cognitives chutent et la fatigue augmente, en prévision du coucher. Et, bien avant l'aube, le métabolisme est préparé en prévision de l'augmentation d'activité quand nous nous levons.
L'horloge circadienne sert également à empêcher que tout ce passe au même moment, assurant que les processus biologiques se déroulent selon une séquence appropriée. Pour que les cellules fonctionnent correctement, elles ont besoins des bonnes choses, au bon endroit et au bon moment.
Des milliers de gènes doivent être activés ou désactivés dans l'ordre et harmonieusement.
Protéines, enzymes, graisses, glucides, hormones, acides nucléiques et autres composés doivent être absorbés, séparés, métabolisés et produits durant une plage horaire précise. L'énergie doit être collectée puis distribuée à la croissance, la reproduction, le métabolisme, la locomotion et la réparation cellulaire.
Tous ces processus, et beaucoup d'autres, demande de l'énergie et doivent tous avoir lieu au bon moment de la journée. Sans horloge, notre organisme est en plein chaos.
L'étude révolutionnaire de Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash et Michael Young – qui ont obtenu le Prix Nobel de Physiologie et Médecine 2017 cette semaine - nous apprend, pour la première fois, comment l'horloge biologique fonctionne dans tout organisme ; dans l'étude, il s'agit d'une drosophile. [...]
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Years of experience: 32. Registered at ProZ.com: Apr 2017.
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Passionate about languages and their cultures, multilingual, I dedicate myself to translation from English to French and from French to English.
Having spent 20 years of my career in marketing-communications at international level, I'm focused on professionalism, precision and efficiency.
Bilingual by birth, I acquired my 3rd language when 15 years old and my 4th at 20.
During my career, I worked for 20 years in marketing-communications, at international level. It has definitely nurtured and sharpened my passion for cultural differences and the relation between languages and cultures.
Translation is more than the knowledge of a language; it requires the understanding and integration of its culture. That is why I have chosen to focus on the translation from English to French and from French to English.
My preferred domains of translation are:
literature, psychology, food and cooking, gardening, tourism, medical, marketing & communications, including websites.
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