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English to Spanish: WHAT ARE PSYCHOGENIC NON-EPILEPTIC SEIZURES? General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical (general)
Source text - English WHAT ARE PSYCHOGENIC NON-EPILEPTIC SEIZURES?
Most patients (about 80%) with PNES have been treated with antiepileptic drugs for several years before the correct diagnosis is made. Remember that the diagnosis of seizures relies on the descriptions by observers, who may not notice important details. Few physicians have access to EEG-video monitoring, which has to be performed by a neurologist who specializes in epilepsy (epileptologist). If you have had abnormal EEGs in the past, it is important that you obtain the actual tracings so the specialist (epileptologist) can review them. A small proportion (only about 10%) of patients with PNES also have epilepsy. If you have both types, it is very important that you and your family learn to distinguish the two types.
PNES, unlike epileptic seizures, are not the result of a physical brain disease. Rather, they are emotional, stress-induced, and result from traumatic psychological experiences, sometimes from the forgotten past. Today, we know that more extreme emotional stresses can actually cause physical illnesses. Some physical illnesses can be greatly influenced by psychological or emotional factors. These illnesses are called psychosomatic or “mind-body” illnesses. Disorders where emotional stresses cause symptoms that look like physical illnesses are called somatoform (“taking form in the body”) disorders, and the most common type is conversion disorder. In fact the official psychiatric classification (DSM-IV) has a specific category called conversion disorder with seizures. This is the category PNES usually fall into.
Translation - Spanish ¿QUÉ SON LOS ATAQUES PSICOGÉNICOS NO EPILÉPTICOS?
La mayoría de los pacientes (alrededor del 80%) que padecen APNE (PNES por sus siglas en inglés) han sido tratados con fármacos para la epilepsia durante varios años antes de obtener el diagnóstico correcto. Recuerde que el diagnóstico de los ataque depende de las descripciones de las personas que los observan, y es posible que no se den cuenta de detalles importantes. Hay pocos médicos que tengan acceso a un EEG monitorizado por video, el cual debe ser realizado por un neurólogo especializado en epilepsia (epileptólogo). Si en el pasado usted ha tenido un EEG anormal es importante que obtenga el resultado gráfico para que el especialista (epileptólogo) pueda revisarlo. Un pequeño número de pacientes (solamente alrededor del 10%) con APNE también tienen epilepsia. Si usted tiene los dos tipos es muy importante que tanto usted como su familia aprendan a distinguirlos.
Los APNE, a diferencia de las crisis epilépticas, no son el resultado de una enfermedad física del cerebro, son inducidos por motivos emocionales y de estrés, y son el resultado de experiencias psicológicas traumáticas, en ocasiones del pasado ya olvidado. Hoy en día se sabe que el estrés emocional más extremo puede realmente provocar enfermedades físicas. Algunas enfermedades físicas pueden estar influidas en gran manera por factores psicológicos o emocionales. Estas enfermedades se llaman psicosomáticas o enfermedades “mente-cuerpo”. Los trastornos en los que el estrés emocional causa síntomas que parecen enfermedades físicas se llaman trastornos somatoformes (toman forma en el cuerpo), y el tipo más común es el trastorno de conversión. De hecho, la clasificación psiquiátrica formal (DSM-IV) tiene una categoría específica llamada trastorno de conversión con ataques. Esta es la categoría en la que normalmente se ubica a los APNE.
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Years of experience: 19. Registered at ProZ.com: Feb 2011.
I was born in Madrid, Spain. From the beginning my parents believed that learning another language was essential. Luckily I went to a school that offered optional English classes. In second grade I found myself muttering incoherent and meaningless sounds that would affect the direction of my entire life. The teacher, “el profe de inglés”, showed a small group of seven and eight year olds some cards with big pictures on them, little did I know…
By the time sixth grade came along, the first time that English was one of the mandatory subjects, I already had an advantage over most of my classmates. It wasn’t a great difference but I had already been exposed to English, I had learned substantial vocabulary, I knew a few sentences, but best of all for me, I loved English.
From sixth to eleventh grade English was always a part of my course work. In school the number of students in a class was always around forty. Unfortunately, that meant there was no time for English conversation, however the grammar and vocabulary that I learned was incredible. Big thanks go to my “profe de inglés”!
I was a quiet and shy child. When my parents heard about a program where I could spend a month in England, they were all over it. I imagine that they decided to send me more for the social opportunity than for the English experience. I was lucky that my parents were forward thinking and could afford it, but I was not much for the idea. Spending time away from family and friends and my comfort zone was not what I wanted. Eventually I was sent to Brighton, England. I lived with a family for a month during the summer between my sophomore and junior school years.
That was the first of many changes in my life to come. It was my first plane ride (I got so sick!), I met people that I still keep in touch with today, and I learned very LITTLE English because I hung out mostly with the other Spanish students. But…I discovered a world that I fell in love with, a world taking place around me that used other sounds and words, a world of different places, sights and smells. On a field trip to Oxford University, I remember thinking I would love to go there to study. Though I never made it to Oxford, that thought was a definite foreshadowing of things to come.
Arriving back in Spain, I was truly excited and awakened, a new feeling for me. School started again and my “profe de inglés” passed out a brochure for an exchange student program to the U.S. A small group of us decided that we wanted to do it, not aware of all that it implied we were excited to go home and tell our parents. The next day only two of us came back with smiles on our faces. Being just 16, my parents were not crazy about having me go so far away for so long, but to their credit they let me begin the selection process. As I completed each phase and the outcome was more certain, I found myself standing there incredulous that I was about to spend my senior year in an American high school. It was even more exciting after thinking about all that the American movies had “taught” me that high school would entail. During the plane ride to New York, my third plane ride, and hopefully one without use of the airsickness bag, I thought “what the #%@# am I doing?!”
My destination was New Jersey with a family that had a daughter a year younger than me. They were incredible. They picked me up from the airport, took me home and tried to make me as comfortable as they could. The only problem was that we could not understand each other. It was as if their English and mine were two completely different languages. I knew plenty of grammar, had an extensive vocabulary, but my pronunciation was dreadful and I was not used to an American accent.
The first week at school brought constant headaches. Trying to understand teachers and other students was a grueling task. But one day, without warning, I was fine and I could communicate. I don’t remember how or when it happened but just that it did. From then on I took every opportunity to practice and hone my English, especially my accent. At the end of the school year I remember having a conversation with other students who did not know I was an exchange student and when they found out they were surprised by my lack of an accent. Success!
That year in an American high school shaped my future. My, by then, substantial English skills have continued to provide me with incredible opportunities throughout life. Also, I met the person who a few years later would become my husband, but that is a story for another day.
When I fast forward 27 years I find myself with a life in the United States, an American husband, two wonderful bilingual children, a bachelor’s degree in biology from an American University, a certification as a Montessori teacher, which allowed me to teach English and Spanish to U.S. students, and translating complex medical documents for doctors and hospitals. Let’s see what tomorrow will bring, I can hardly wait!